| Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be | | | | A central focus in MMT is to uncover this internal |
| defined as recurrent episodes of anxiety and | | | | structure of the traumatic memory and then to |
| panic in reaction to a past experience that was | | | | investigate this experiential content. There is no |
| overwhelming at both sensory and emotional | | | | attempt to interpret what arises, only to |
| levels. The individual was unable to process and | | | | experience fully and know completely whatever |
| assimilate the experience, and the emotional | | | | arises. This process essentially de-constructs the |
| trauma becomes repressed, only to reoccur in | | | | emotional complex into smaller parts that the |
| the future. The basic direction of psychotherapy | | | | psyche can digest and integrate into more stable |
| for PTSD is to help the client re-process these | | | | configurations that do not continue to generate |
| emotions into a form that can be re-assimilate; | | | | emotional suffering. Of course, this requires |
| essentially completing the process that was left | | | | considerable preliminary preparation so that the |
| undone. However, the methods for doing this are | | | | client can experience the internal imagery without |
| problematic for two main reasons. Firstly, the | | | | becoming overwhelmed. Therefore, the |
| intensity of the associated emotions and | | | | preliminary phase of MMT is focussed on |
| resistance to re-experiencing the trauma; and | | | | establishing the Mindfulness Based Relationship |
| secondly, the complex superstructure of | | | | (MBR) in which there is sufficient stability and |
| secondary reactivity that accumulates around the | | | | non-reactivity to allow the imagery to unfold into |
| primary experience, which makes it difficult for | | | | present awareness. There are many approaches |
| the client to access and work on the core | | | | to achieve the right MBR, such as watching the |
| emotions. | | | | imagery as if projected on a screen or placing the |
| One approach, which I have found particularly | | | | imagery at some distance in front. Through |
| helpful, is a form of psychotherapy that combines | | | | mindfulness and careful investigation, the client can |
| mindfulness and experiential imagery, called | | | | discover for himself what works best for |
| Mindfulness Meditation Therapy (MMT). In this | | | | establishing the MBR. However, once a client |
| approach, the client is taught how to form a | | | | begins to witness specific details about the |
| non-reactive relationship with his traumatic | | | | imagery, he inevitably finds it much easier to |
| memory. The individual literally learns how to | | | | observe the imagery without becoming reactive, |
| “sit” with the felt-sense of the trauma, | | | | because the specific structural details give him a |
| without becoming caught up in the contents. The | | | | specific focus and this tends to prevent |
| purpose here is not to simply re-experience the | | | | hyper-reactivity. The MBR is an essential part of |
| traumatic memory and emotions, but to learn | | | | the transformation process for many reasons, |
| how to experience them differently. This | | | | the primary reason being that it allows the |
| Mindfulness Based Relationship creates a | | | | compacted emotional complex to unfold into more |
| therapeutic space around the memory imagery | | | | manageable parts. At another level, the MBR |
| and associated emotional energy that allows the | | | | allows the client to fundamentally change the way |
| client to gradually stop the secondary reactivity of | | | | that he relates to his inner emotional experience |
| resistance and avoidance. Now a new creative | | | | and he begins to break free from seeing himself |
| space is created which allows the emotions, which | | | | as a victim of the emotional trauma. This in itself |
| have been confined and frozen in place, to | | | | is an essential requirement for change. |
| become malleable and change. This process of | | | | In a relatively short time, the client begins to |
| inner change leads to the eventual resolution and | | | | discover the detailed internal structure of the |
| transformation of the trauma. In short, reactivity | | | | trauma and associated emotions in the form of |
| inhibits change, whereas mindfulness facilitates | | | | experiential imagery. Now he can begin to |
| change and healing. | | | | investigate what changes need to happen in the |
| Mindfulness has of course attracted a great deal | | | | imagery that allow the emotion to resolve. |
| of attention in recent years, although there has | | | | Mindfulness helps this transformational process by |
| been little systematic attempt to describe, let | | | | creating a therapeutic space in which there is no |
| alone define, mindfulness. In my view mindfulness | | | | interference from the ego. The client begins to |
| describes the quality of conscious relationship with | | | | discover intuitive changes that can be very subtle |
| experience in which there is complete presence | | | | and beyond rational deduction, but are clearly felt |
| for the experience and the absence of any form | | | | to make a difference. Experiential imagery |
| of habitual subjective reactivity. This is invaluable in | | | | frequently differentiates into parts, often with |
| psychotherapy, because it allows the client to | | | | different colors and textures and the internal |
| investigate the deep structure of his trauma, | | | | interaction of these parts can be very important |
| rather than staying stuck at the superficial | | | | for resolution. One client described her anxiety as |
| surface structure. | | | | a black pulsating blob, located on the upper left of |
| Indeed, when one begins to investigate the | | | | her inner visual field that sent tentacles out to her |
| internal structure of a traumatic memory, it is | | | | throat, literally strangling her. As she focused |
| always surprising to discover the wealth of subtle | | | | mindfulness on this black blob, I asked her what |
| feelings that lie just under the surface. | | | | needed to happen next. To her complete surprise, |
| Differentiation of the feeling structure of an | | | | the answer that came up was that the black blob |
| emotion like anxiety or panic is an essential part | | | | wanted to be allowed to die. It was strangling her |
| of any successful therapy and the conscious | | | | to get her attention! Eventually, through continued |
| experience of this inner structure is | | | | presence and complete attention to the black |
| transformational. | | | | blob, it felt sufficiently reassured that it could let |
| In addition to feelings, traumatic memories also | | | | go of her throat and proceeded to die. It became |
| have a specific internal structure in the form of | | | | white and brittle like ash and crumbled into a small |
| intense experiential imagery. This imagery may be | | | | pile on the ground. |
| photographic in quality, revealing the actual | | | | One could spend many hours trying to interpret |
| memory of the traumatic event, but more often | | | | and understand this process, but what was much |
| the imagery has an abstract structure with | | | | more important, was her direct experience of the |
| specific colors and shapes, in something | | | | resolution process at the subtle and concrete level |
| resembling a surrealistic collage. Emotional energy | | | | of experiential imagery and this is made possible |
| is encoded in each of these specific sub-modalities | | | | by mindfulness, the sensitive attention to detail |
| of size, color, intensity, movement and texture. | | | | and the investigation of the deep structure of |
| An intense emotion is likely to be encoded in | | | | experience. |
| intense colors, such as red and orange, and the | | | | Throughout the whole process of MMT, the client |
| imagery is likely to be large and close in the | | | | is repeatedly exposed to the source of his or her |
| person's inner visual field, whereas neutral | | | | fear, but in new ways that don't involve being |
| emotions are likely encoded in neutral colors, such | | | | overwhelmed. This exposure desensitization |
| as pale blue or white, and appear small and distant. | | | | effect is regarded by most schools of |
| The investigative dimension of mindfulness | | | | psychotherapy as an essential part of overcoming |
| provides the best approach to uncover the | | | | PTSD and Mindfulness Meditation Therapy |
| detailed inner structure of the emotion and | | | | provides a very subtle and specific way of doing |
| provide meaningful content. This is called the | | | | this through the client's internal experiential |
| Structural Theory of Emotions, which goes on to | | | | imagery. |
| propose that by changing the structure of the | | | | Besides face-to-face Mindfulness Psychotherapy |
| imagery it is possible to change the intensity of | | | | sessions, Dr Peter Strong offers the ever-popular |
| the emotional reaction. Thus, if the color changes | | | | Online Psychotherapy and Counseling service, in |
| from intense red to soft yellow, and the imagery | | | | which he teaches clients specific strategies for |
| becomes smaller, it is very likely that the emotion | | | | working with emotional stress through a |
| will become much less intense. However, for this | | | | combination of email correspondence and Skype |
| to work effectively the imagery must arise | | | | sessions. Peter also offers teaching seminars for |
| experientially from the emotional felt-sense, rather | | | | groups, and companies with an interest in stress |
| than be created through deliberate visualization. | | | | management. If you want to learn Mindfulness |
| Similarly, the direction of change must arise | | | | Meditation, we can do that through email |
| experientially, rather than be imposed externally. | | | | correspondence and Skype. Visit |
| This is why mindfulness is such an important part | | | | Email enquiries welcome. |
| of the transformational process, because it allows | | | | You can purchase a copy of his book ‘The |
| the client to be exquisitely sensitive to what is | | | | Path of Mindfulness Meditation' through Amazon. |
| meaningful and what is not. | | | | |